How are standards of beauty established? Standards of beauty are determined by evolutionary biology / Glenn Wilson ; Facial beauty standards are universal while body beauty standards are cultural / Michal Brichacek and Robert Moreland ; Standards of beauty are increasingly influenced by the media / Deborah L. Rhode ; Market principles foster dangerous standards of beauty / Susie Orbach ; Western standards of beauty have spread via globalization / Yasmin Alibhai-Brown -- What impacts do ideals of beauty have on society? Women are judged on their appearance rather than on their competence / Natasha Walter ; Ideals of beauty need not hinder women / Raina Kelley ; Discrimination against unattractive people in the workplace is a problem / Deborah L. Rhode ; Attractiveness is necessary for some jobs / Mary Elizabeth Williams ; Media images of beauty hurt ethnic women / Lindsay Kite -- Should people strive for beauty? Striving for beauty is important / Amy Alkon ; Pursuit of beauty is harmful / Shari Graydon ; In a landmark paper just published in the prestigious "Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery," an innovative technique in African American rhinoplasty proves to preserve ethnicity, increase self-esteem / Biotech Week ; Risks of cosmetic surgery should not be ignored / Alexander Edmonds -- What are the societal effects of the beauty and fashion industries? Altered fashion magazine photographs contribute to unrealistic body images / Vivian Diller ; Altered fashion magazine photographs do not cause eating disorders / Carrie Arnold ; Fashion industry promotes eating disorders / Libby Rodenbough ; Media foster misplaced public concern about anorexia / Laurie Penny.